Monday, May 25, 2020

Case Study on Hypokalemia - 8797 Words

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in NCM 105 A Case Study on Systemic Lupus Erythematosus December 2010 Table of Contents Acknowledgement†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 3 Objective†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 4 Scope and Limitations............................. 5 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 6 Review of Related Literature†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 7-8 Case Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 9 Health History†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 10 Family Genogram†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 11 Anatomy and Physiology†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 12-13 Pathophysiology†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 14-17 Nursing Assessment Tool†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 18-20 Nursing Care Plans†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 21-23 Medical management†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 24-26 Laboratory Results†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 27-30 Doctor’s order†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 31-32 Nurse’s Notes†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 33-35 Patient’s Medications†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 36-43 Nursing Theories†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 44†¦show more content†¦Androgens- A natural or artificial male sex hormone responsible for the development of male sexual characteristics. Antibody- a protein produced by B cells in the body in response to the presence of an antigen. Antigen- a substance, usually a protein, on the surface of a cell or bacterium that stimulates the production of an antibody. Arthralgias- pain in a joint Arthritis- a medical condition affecting a joint or joints, causing pain, swelling, and stiffness. Arthropathy- a disease or medically noteworthy condition of a joint. Autoantibodies- antibodies that react against normal substances present in the organism producing it and is present in autoimmune diseases. Depigmentation- partial or total absence in the body of the pigment melanin, especially in the skin, hair, and eyes. Glomerulonephritis- an inflammatory disease affecting the clusters of capillaries glomeruli in the cortex of a kidney. Hemolytic anemia- anemia that results from the destruction of red blood cells and may be caused by bacteria, genetic disorders, or toxic chemicals. Hyperactivity- unusually active, restless, and lacking the ability to concentrate for any length of time. Immune complexes- a combination of a disease-causing agent antigen and its corresponding antibody that plays a role in some types of immune responses and may be associated with autoimmune disease. Leukopenia- an excessiveShow MoreRelatedClinical Study: Application of the Neuman Systems Model on a Patient with Hypokalemia4688 Words   |  19 PagesChapter 1 Introduction Background and Rationale of the Study With concerns of our day to day living we do not have enough time and budget to be choosy of the type of food or the nutritional value of it, what we think of nowadays is just to have something to satisfy our hunger without considering the nutrients that our body needs each day. When we hear diet nowadays often we see it as losing weight by means of controlling food intake, but the truth is diet could also mean eating nutritious foodsRead MoreAcid-Base Imbalance1027 Words   |  5 PagesThat concept is critical when looking at arterial blood gases. This can help guide the nurse to anticipate what the doctor will order and the education that she needs to give the patient and the family. This case study should help to illustrate the point. Case Study The case study that was given to us is a 22 year old woman who reports being â€Å"sick with the flu† She has been vomiting and having difficulty keeping food and drink down. In addition she has been taking antacids to calm downRead MoreAcid Base Case Study Paper1051 Words   |  5 PagesAcid-Base Case study Paper A 22-year-old female brought to local hospital with complaint of flu- like symptoms for the past eight days. She is vomited several times daily, having difficulty keeping liquids or food down, and has been self-medicated more than the recommended dose of antacids in an attempt to calm the nausea. She has become severely dehydrated and had fainted at home; causing in her taken to a hospital. Upon arrival to the hospital, an arterial blood gas (ABG) sample was drawn andRead MorePharmacology: A Case Study in Polypharmacy2023 Words   |  9 PagesCase Study: Mrs A is a 71 year old widow with CCF and osteoarthritis who has recently been exhibiting quite unusual behaviour. Her daughter is concerned about her mothers ability to remain independent and wishes to pursue nursing home admission arrangements. She fears the development of a dementing illness. Over the last two to three months Mrs A has become confused, easily fatigued and very irritable. She has developed disturbing obsessive/compulsive behaviour constantly complaining that her laceRead MoreEssay On Copd1428 Words   |  6 Pagestract and in case of patient X, it is given intravenously so the onset of diuresis is within 5 minutes. The peak effect occurs within the first half hour and its duration lasts for approximately 2 hours (PBS n.d.). It is extensively bound to plasma proteins, mainly albumin and approximately 80 percent are excreted in the urine within 24 hours (PBS n.d.). Monitoring of fluid balance of patient must be considered to assessed dehydration. Diuretics may also increase the risk of hypokalemia. Slow K tabletsRead MoreCase StudyCushings Essay example1243 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Case Study 78 Cushing’s Syndrome Scenario You graduated 3 months ago and are working with a home care agency. Included in your caseload is J.S., a 60-year-old man suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) related to (R/T) cigarette smoking. He has been on home oxygen, 2 L oxygen by nasal cannula (O2/NC), for several years. Approximately 10 months ago, he was started on chronic oral steroid therapy. Medications include ipratropium-albuterol (Combivent) inhaler, formoterol (Foradil)Read MoreThe Prevalence Of Ischemic Heart Disease2172 Words   |  9 Pageshours in all comatose adult patients following restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) after cardiac arrest (p. S343). CINHAL, PubMed and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched between October and November 2016, to identify studies involving the implementation of therapeutic hypothermia following ROSC after cardiac arrest. Search terms for CINHAL included therapeutic hypothermia AND cardiac arrest AND neurologic outcome. CINHAL searches were narrowed using filters includingRead MoreAdult Male Wistar Rats Weighing Between 150 And 220 Grams Bred1984 Words   |  8 Pagesconducted in accordance with the internationally accepted principles for laboratory animal use and care and approval from the Ethical committee at Faculty of Sciences, Fà ©s, Morocco was obtained. Collection of the plants All the plants used in this study were collected from their natural habitat, i.e. from the Sefrou region, named Taounate. The plants were identified and authenticated as Cistus ladaniferus L. and Silybum marianum L. by Professor Amina Bari, Faculty of Science, Fà ¨s, Morocco. PreparationRead MoreEssay on Cholera2434 Words   |  10 Pagescauses of cholera, symptoms, ways of treatment, studies of treatments, complications that may occur, the tests and diagnosis for cholera, and finally, the ways the cholera bacterium may be transmitted. Introduction Cholera is a disease caused by the cholera bacterium Vibrio cholerae infecting the intestines. Usually, the illness is mild, and for some, symptoms of cholera never even present, but sometimes, the disease can also be severe. A severe case of cholera is â€Å"characterized by profuse wateryRead MoreThe Concentration Of Chloride Concentration2043 Words   |  9 PagesChloride concentration is frequently measured in veterinary practices, but not critically assessed as other electrolytes, and often referred to as the forgotten electrolyte. Several studies have reported a significantly increased mortality in critically ill human patients with hyperchloremia or hypochloremia, raising the concern that abnormal chloride concentrations may have clinical significance. Abnormal chloride concentrations can result from various underlying diseases as well as from iatrogenic

Thursday, May 14, 2020

Utilitarianism, By John Stuart Mill - 1599 Words

Utilitarianism is a doctrine in normative ethics that is outlined and defended by many philosophers, including the English philosopher John Stuart Mill as a standard to determine what are right and wrong actions. At its most basic claim, the right course of action one must take should be in the interest of maximizing what is known as utility. The right course of action is determined as being right if it maximizes the total benefit and happiness gained, while at the same time reducing the greatest amount of pain for the greatest number of people. To put it simply, utilitarianism merits the greatest good for the greatest number. In Utilitarianism, John Stuart Mill details his explanation and support of the theory, and provides common criticisms of the theory that he refutes throughout the piece. A couple of these critiques include claims that the concept of utility is opposed to the concept of pleasure, and that it â€Å"renders men cold and unsympathizing† (p. 20). With convi ction, Mill is able to successfully vindicate and define utilitarianism from critiques, although he could go beyond defining by providing examples and illustrations of utilitarianism in the way that critiques perceive it to be in order to demonstrate faults and holes that would arise. The principle of utility is a concept that was primarily introduced academically by philosopher Jeremy Bentham and later confounded upon to become what is known as the â€Å"Greatest Happiness Principle.† Bentham focuses on theShow MoreRelatedUtilitarianism, By John Stuart Mill And Utilitarianism880 Words   |  4 Pagessometimes hard to define, but with John Stuart Mill and Utilitarianism it is a little bit easier. Utilitarianism is an easy one, for the reason that it is defined by the greatest happiness for everyone involved. Sometimes it does not always make everyone content, but if you look at it as a whole it makes sense. Mill says that we have to look at the bigger picture. One personâ⠂¬â„¢s happiness affects another’s and so on. Utilitarianism is a moral theory that John Stuart Mill, the philosopher, formulated toRead MoreUtilitarianism, By John Stuart Mill1365 Words   |  6 Pages In John Stuart Mill’s book Utilitarianism, he argues for the defense of utilitarianism, an age old theory originally developed by Jeremy Bentham that states the proper course of action is the one that maximizes happiness. The course of action that maximizes general happiness is also the only true standard for moral assessment. Mill also introduces the idea of ‘first principle’ which states that it is not acceptable for individuals to characterize actions as either ‘good’ or ‘bad’, because it isRead MoreUtilitarianism, By John Stuart Mill1372 Words   |  6 PagesAct Utilitarianism is a long standing and well supported philosophical argument that when boiled down to its most basic elements, can be described as creating â€Å"the greatest good for the greatest number† (122). Such was the sentiment of John Stuart Mill, one of act utilitarianism’s (also known as just utilitarianism) greatest pioneers, and promoters. Mills believed that his theory of always acting in a way that achieved the greatest net happiness was both superior to other philosophical theories andRead MoreUtilitarianism By John Stuart Mill1805 Words   |  8 PagesIn his book Utilitarianism, John Stuart Mill presents his exposition and his major defenses of the philosophy of utilitarianism. Utilitarianism, a theory in ethics developed by the philosopher Jeremy Bentham, focuses on a concept of utility that focuses on deciding if actions are morally right or wrong by analyzing the pleasure and pain they cause. In other words, if an action causes primarily pleasure for all parties, then it must be good and right; however, if it causes pain for the parties involvedRead MoreThe Utilitarianism By John Stuart Mill984 Words   |  4 P agesDecriminalize Drug use Utilitarianism as an example of consequentialism is a moral theory generally considered to have started in the late eighteenth century. In the book Utilitarianism by John Stuart Mill he defined the ethical theory stating that â€Å"†¦actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness; wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness†(7). The idea behind the theory is that people seek happiness, and that the ultimate goal of all human beings is to be happy.Read MoreUtilitarianism, By John Stuart Mill854 Words   |  4 PagesJohn Stuart Mill, among other things, was an English philosopher and economist who lived from 1806 to 1873. Mill grew up being immersed in the principles of utilitarianism. Mill’s essay on utilitarianism, titled Utilitarianism, was written to debunk misconceptions of and to provide support for the ideology. Mill’s essay and argument span five chapters, where his discussions range from definitions, misconceptions, re wards, methods, and validity. Utilitarianism is generally held to be the view thatRead MoreJohn Stuart Mill And Utilitarianism983 Words   |  4 PagesIn Utilitarianism actions are judged right and wrong solely on their consequence, and in order to assess this consequences, the only thing that matters is the amount of happiness and unhappiness caused and by calculating happiness and unhappiness caused, nobody’s happiness counts any more than anybody else’s. Utilitarian ethics is the most common form of ethics used today, it has thrived because two needs have been met by it. Firstly, end-based thinking is common and people have sought to improveRead MoreJohn Stuart Mill And Utilitarianism1202 Words   |  5 Pages I contend that the philosophy of John Stuart Mill and Utilitarianism can be used to show that society should will that genetic enhancement be morally acceptable if the adverse cognitive or emotional effects are outweighed by the benefits. Glannon argues tha t gene enhancement is morally objectionable because â€Å"there would be the unacceptable social cost of some people suffering from adverse cognitive or emotional effects of the enhancement.† Under Utilitarianism, society would likely deem that geneticRead MoreUtilitarianism By John Stuart Mill930 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis Paper 2 In the essay â€Å"Utilitarianism† by John Stuart Mill, he explains his support for utilitarianism and argues any misconceptions of it. In his essay he talks about the difference between higher and lower pleasures and what significance they have in his utilitarian moral theory. His theory is based on the rule that â€Å"actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness.† Many people experience different kinds of pleasureRead MoreUtilitarianism, By John Stuart Mill2436 Words   |  10 PagesUtilitarianism is an ethical speculation that communicates that the best movement is the one that expands utility. Utility is portrayed in various courses, frequently to the extent the success of mindful substances, for instance, people and diverse animals. Jeremy Bentham, the coordinator of utilitarianism, delineated utility as the entire of all bliss that results from a movement, short the burden of anyone req uired in the action. Utilitarianism is a variation of consequentialism, which communicates

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

How did Descartes Explain the Relationship between Mind...

Across the years, many scientists and philosophers believed that a human being is made up by mind and body (Radner, 1971). Some of them believed that the mind-soul is something different from the body and each of them works by themselves without any interaction between them (Radner, 1971). The other point of view said that body and mind works together as a unity and mutually influences each other and the result is the human being. This view had been held by great figures like the Greek philosopher Aristotle and Aquinas (Radner, 1971). Who argued that there should be a connection between mind-soul and body, because only in this way sensation and voluntary movement which needs both mind and body to operate can be explained (Radner, 1971).†¦show more content†¦Indeed, with her letters to Descartes which included questions about the interaction between material body and immaterial soul helped him to complete and improve his work (Schmaltz, 1992; Fancher, Rutherford, 2012). More over, Descartes’s theory about body and mind was obscure and complicated to Elizabeth’s mind, because she could not understand how interaction between mind and body could exist and how it is possible to influence each other (Fancher, Rutherford, 2012). In May 1643, Descartes answer for the first time to Elizabeth’s letter and he tried to explain her, his observations and his theory with the following quotes: there are two facts about the human mind on which depend all things that we can know of its nature. The first is that it thinks, the second that it is united to the body and can act and be acted upon along with it (Schmaltz, 1992). In his ‘Treatise on the Passions of the Soul’ Descartes emphasized in the fact that the existence of each entity (Mind-Body) by itself would be meaningless. First of all, he claimed that a body without a soul would be like machine only doing the basic functions for its survivor and without any consciousness working under its emotional condition. On the other hand a soul without a body would be fully consciousness but only with specific ideas and without any knowledge of the external world (Fancher, Rutherford, 2012). Thus, each one constitute so that human beings are able to operate normally, otherwise none ofShow MoreRelatedEssay about Descartes Theory of Substance Dualism791 Words   |  4 PagesDescartes Theory of Substance Dualism Throughout the history of man, philosophers have tried to come up with an explanation of where our minds, or consciousness, came from and how we are able to have a nonphysical characteristic of ourselves. Does our physical brain automatically give us nonphysical characteristics like feelings, thoughts, and desires or is there something else there, the mind, that interacts with our bodies and makes us feel, think, and desire? Also, is the mind theRead More Rene Descartes Essay1271 Words   |  6 PagesI think, therefore I am Rene Descartes was a man obsessed with finding things out for himself, an intellectual who contributed to the field of psychology. Born in the 16th century, Descartes grew up in a society where ideas, thoughts and perceptions were not questioned but were supposed to be understood and supported. While growing up and through his studies, Descartes began to make strides in the fields of philosophy, mathematics and science. Descartes was a man who challenged accepted ideasRead MoreDescartes: Shedding Light on the Mind Body Relationship Essay949 Words   |  4 Pageshave tried to explain the distinction between the mind and body. They have tried to explain how the body affects the mind and how the mind affects the body and if they can exist without one another. The reason was to enlighten people in the attempt to replace faith in religion reasoning with proof of scientific facts and reasoning. One philosopher who stood out and developed this movement to shed light on the mind and body r elationship was a French philosopher by the name of Descartes. His work calledRead MoreIs Dualism Best? The Nature Of Consciousness? Essay1070 Words   |  5 PagesStudent ID Number: 00180694 November 2rd, 2016 Philosophy 101: Introduction to Philosophy Professor Bayne Dualism Best Explains the Nature of Consciousness The three theories we have discussed so far are the dualism theory of Plato and Descartes, the Aristotelian theory, and the Physicalism (identity) theory of Place and Strong. The identity of consciousness means that if you have the same consciousness, you are the same person, and if not conscience, you are not the same person. The thing thatRead MoreWhat Is Mind And Does It Exist?937 Words   |  4 Pagesquestion, â€Å"what is mind and does it exist?† to ourselves, the answer seems perfectly clear, because to each person there is nothing closer, more intimate, or more certain than his/her own mind, or themselves. A person is absolutely sure of the existence of his own mind, but the question is, what exactly is one’s mind? The first philosopher to take on the theory of mind was a philosopher by the name of Plato. Plato observed the differences between the ideal forms of the content of mind and the everyRead MoreDescartes’ Arguments for the Existence of Body as Distinct from the Mind and His Justifications to Princess Elizabeth of Bohemia 1468 Words   |  6 PagesDescartes Two years after Descartes published his meditations on first philosophy, Princess Elisabeth of Bohemia wrote with questions concerning the relationship between the immaterial soul and the corporeal body- specifically how anything immaterial could produce physical effects. She was neither the first nor the last to question this practical application of Descartes’ dualism, but her questions elicited the most comprehensive attempt to answer the question. In this paper I will examine Descartes’Read MoreDescartes Meditations Of First Philosophy857 Words   |  4 Pages Descartes’ - Meditation #2 Rene Descartes was a French philosopher born in 1596. He is considered by many the father of modern philosophy and continues to have tremendous influence in the philosophical world to this day. The book, Meditations of First Philosophy, consist of six meditations and describes one meditation per day for six days. In meditation two, he claims that we have better knowledge of our own minds than of the physical world. This proclamation has sparked debates between countlessRead MoreAnalysis Of The Body And Mind 855 Words   |  4 PagesProtocol Paper 3 – Body and Mind RECALL: In the Body and Mind chapter by Rachels it goes over many points. 1) Mind-Body dualism in a way to solve the mind-body problem, explains the relationship between mind and body facts. 2) It also points out the problems with mind-body dualism it is hard to see how a nonphysical mind could interact with a physical body. 3) Rachels points out that the mind-body dualism has largely disappeared from science and philosophy because it did not fit the emerging scientificRead MoreThe Between Mind And Body1056 Words   |  5 PagesThere is no real answer for the question about if mind and body are the same or different, a person is made of mind and body and the both have different characteristics. Rene Descartes asked the question what am I. he gives and answer to the question by saying he is a thinking thig, if the body and mind are different from one other, mind can also continue with no body because it is not import for what he is. Moreover body is breakable and extender and mind i s not breakable and non-extended, that is aRead Moresituation in ethic Essay1383 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Running head: How Philosophy and physiology have influenced early psychological thought. The Influences of early psychological though of Physiology and philosophy Cleo Jones History of Psychology Abstract Physiology is a branch of biology that deals with life and living matter according to (Webster Merriam) Physiology is the processes and function of all or part of an organ. According to (Webster) Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental problems, such as those connected with

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Negotiation and Relationship Management

Questions: The Facts Pharmax is a pharmaceutical company that needs the chemical compound from the juice of the rare fruit Olenge. The chemical compound from Olenge juice is used to make the vaccination for the deadly Z virus. However, the worlds supply of Olenge was recently bought up by Miramas, a cosmetics company. Miramas uses Olenge husks to make their world famous face cream, Omas, which supposedly reverses aging. Pharmaxs CEO, Max Barr, and Miramas CEO, Mitch Barr, are brothers, but are at loggerheads because Max hid, and never returned, Mitchs favourite stuffed bear, Mickey, 20 years ago. Mitch is refusing to speak to Max about Olenge unless Max returns Mickey. Max has no idea where Mickey is. Max has told Mitch that the real issue is Miramas unethical practice of having all the Olenge producers tied up in 25 year supply contracts, which is exploitation of the Olenge producers, and they should be negotiating about releasing the Olenge producers from their onerous contracts. Although Max has also indicated to Mitch that he is willing to buy the available Olenge stock at $8 per kilogram (knowing that Mitch paid $12 per kilogram), Max also told Mitch that he is being an unreasonable brat, just like when they were growing up. Max has also told Mitch that if they cannot come to an agreement by tomorrow, he will tell mother about Mitch not sharing. Question 1List the negative negotiation tactics used by Mitch and Max.Question 2Apply the appropriate countermeasure to the negative negotiation tactics identified in Question 1.Demonstrate how the countermeasure will work in each case (i.e. what the particular brother could say or do).Question 3(a) Analyse Maxs interests.(b) Analyse Mitchs interests. Answers: 1. List the negative negotiation tactics used by Mitch and Max The negative negotiation tactics used by Mitch and Max in the case study are as: After 20 years also Mitch decided not to talk Max as he has hidden his favorite bear Mickey 20 years ago. This shows the unprofessional behavior of both the brothers Max and Mitch. Max threatens Mitch for making agreement decision by tomorrow otherwise he will complain to their mother. As Mitch is CEO of Miramas Max told him that he should cancel the 25 years of contract with Olenge a supplier which is resulting as an unethical practice according to Max ('Negotiation and Conflict Management Research - Call for Papers', 2010). Mitch and Max are of unprofessional as they always threaten each other by saying that will tell to mother that you are not sharing or by giving direct decision for cancelling any contract which presenting any genuine reason. Max decided to buy available stock of olenge at $8 per kilogram as it is available in market at $12 per kilogram. This can increase the cost of expenditure of Max organization. Mitch and Max are in hurry of negotiation for the olenge product for their final product. There is no planning for negotiation, market survey and etc which will effect there organization work (Cleary, 2001). The negotiation by both Mitch and Max is done by ignoring the future scenario or they are having no future plan. If the owner of organization is having unprofessional behavior and are involving their personal matters in business decisions then the working environment of organization will also be effected (Bazerman, 2005). Max and Mitch should avoid there conflict as it will give adverse effect on final decision and working environment of organization. Max and Mitch should work as a team forgetting their conflict so that the environment of workplace is motivating for others (Menken, 2009). The final decision of negotiation should be taken by Max and Mitch common decision taking into consideration the changes of market in future. There can be adverse effect on the negotiation process of the personal dispute between Mitch and Max. 2a. Apply the appropriate countermeasure to the negative negotiation tactics identified above Mitch and Max should plan before starting any negotiation process. Mitch and max should avoid completing negotiation process in hurry, as there is chance of selecting the wrong plan. Negotiation should be done by taking into consideration future scenario. Mitch and Max should try to keep their personal and business matters separate to make their subordinates work properly (Nixon, 2005).Wrong decision regarding the olenge product can create problem in future, so before taking any final decision for supply of olenge product both brothers should plan and discuss ('Issue Information', 2013).Mitch and Max should have conversation regarding the final decision. Before deciding anything both brothers should do market survey properly to know the future, present and past scenario of olenge product (Eunson, 2007). For making decision or agreement for supply of olenge Mitch and Max should stop threatening each other. Mitch and max both by combine decision can stop any agreement not by one person decision. Both are having equal authority in organization. Mitch and Max before making decision for supply of olenge should consider the extreme demand and reverse condition. The least expenditure supply method should be decided by Mitch and Max who can only be done when they both talk to each other forgetting the past things. Max and Mitch should understand the importance of conflict management before working together (Corvette, 2007). Mitch should stop threatening Max for the past incident which is related to their personal life not the professional life ('Issue Information', 2014). And max should also stop threatening Mitch as it will give a negative impression on their subordinates. The negotiation process has done in hurry, which shows the differences between Max and Mitch. The negotiation done in hurry can affect their work in future as the market rate of olenge in present date will be different from its future rate. May be in future the rate can increase by such a rate which may decrease their profit. 2b. Demonstrate how the countermeasure will work in each case The first thing which Mitch and Max should do is they should solve their personal and profession matters separately. The benefit of doing so will be that they will not combine their personal matter in business matter and the decision taken will be beneficial for organization (Lewicki, Saunders Barry, 2015). If they will keep there both matters separate then they Mitch will talk to Max by forgetting the 20 years before incident. When Max and Mitch will have conversation the decision take will be beneficial for the organization. Both Mitch and Max can do the planning by considering thoughts, ideas of both which will be helpful for final decision. The decision should not be taken in hurry, both Max and Mitch should do survey research of the market and then decide. Before finalizing both of them should compare the expenditure cost for olenge product of different suppliers (Tracy, 2013). Max and Mitch should maintain the professional environment in the organization which will motivate th eir subordinates (Zartman, 2008). They should divide their roles and responsibilities before starting work so that they are clear what they have to do to incur the profit. The unprofessional behavior of Max and Mitch towards their work should be changed to improve the working environment of the workplace and to increase their productivity. 3a. Interest of Max Here, after went through the mentioned case, it can be considered that what interest Max is possessing is a very serious one. Being the CEO of a pharmaceutical company, he is intending to use the rare fruit olenge in a very authentic manner. He would like to use the rare fruit resource of olenge to produce a sought of medicine vaccination, this vaccination is very essential to protect peoples from a dangerous daisies caused from Z virus. Olenges are much required to produce the vaccination medicine for Z virus. But most of the olenges goes to a cosmetics producing company, there olenges are used to produce a special facial cream to reduce anti aging fictions. Mainly olenges are used to produce beauty products (Watson, 2009). By virtue of that the cosmetics producing company, Miramas, contracted to most of the olenge fruit producers to deliver their olenges to the company known as Miramas. Because of this Pharmax, the pharmaceutical company could not get enough quantity of olenges for producing that life saving vaccination medicine. According to Max, rare and important fruits like olenges should not be used unethically and unnecessarily, which is done by the cosmetics company, Miramas, which deprived human beings from getting a life saving medicines. Here the main interest from the part of Max is to get most of the olenges by forcing Mitch to cancel the contracts, for production of life saving vaccination (Van den Hoven, 2002). He wants to by the olenges at a very cheap price, irrespective of the fact that Mitch has to suffer from a good amount of loss (Swedberg, 2005). It signifies another interest of Max, though Maxs primary intention is to get the olenges for producing medicines but he also wants to make a good amount of profit, by causing loss to his brother Mitch (Nelmes, 2011). 3b. Interest of Mitch As per the information given in the context, it can be assumed that Mitch is the inferior one among the two brothers. He is the CEO of a cosmetics company, known as Miramas, he made a contract with the producers of rare fruit olenges for producing the anti aging facial cream. Mitchs inferiority show from his attributes, as he did not wanted to make any discussion with his brother unless he get returned back his toy, Mickey, which was hide by Max. Mitch is forced by Max to sell out the in stock olenges at a very minimum price which will cause a good amount of loss to Mitch. Max wanted to comply undue influence upon Mitch by coercing him that he shall make a complaint to their mother. Mitch also wants to earn money but the main motive from the part of Mitch was to get his toy, Mickey back, he did not wanted any complaint to be made to his mother in his name. Apart from all this, Mitch is a business man, he also wants to earn profit, and nevertheless no businessman would like to suffer from any kind of loss. 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